News
Statistics
| Number of Journals | 20 |
| Number of Issues | 518 |
| Number of Articles | 4,516 |
| Article View | 9,584,413 |
| PDF Download | 5,345,607 |
گونه شناسی نظریه ها و منشور طیف نوری تعریف مسئله در تحلیل خط مشی. | ||
| اندیشه مدیریت راهبردی | ||
| Article 2, Volume 16, Issue 1 - Serial Number 31, January 1401, Pages 1-36 PDF (964.08 K) | ||
| Document Type: مقاله علمی - مروری | ||
| DOI: 10.30497/smt.2022.239428.3108 | ||
| Authors | ||
| حسن دانایی‌فرد1; سید مجتبی امامی2; محمد صادق تراب زاده جهرمی* 3 | ||
| 1استاد گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده معارف اسلامی و مدیریت، دانشگاه امام صادق علیه السلام، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 3دانشجوی دکتری سیاست‌گذاری عمومی، دانشگاه امام صادق علیه السلام، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول). | ||
| Receive Date: 13 September 2020, Revise Date: 02 December 2022, Accept Date: 21 September 2020 | ||
| Abstract | ||
| بسیاری از اوقات، شکست خط‌مشی به تعریف غلط از مسئله خط‌مشی بازمی‌گردد. این امر، چالشی فراگیر در حوزه رشته‌های مختلف، خصوصاً مطالعات تحلیل خط‌مشی عمومی است که با واژگان متفاوتی نیز مورد اشاره قرار می‌گیرد. در عرصه عمل نیز، تعریف مسئله غلط، در قالب بروز خطای نوع سوم، منجر به آن می‌شود که مسائل خط مشی، حل نشده و پایدار بمانند. علت بروز خطای نوع سوم را باید در چهار دلیل جستجو کرد: سیستم های مسائل، تفاسیر متفاوت، سیاست اطلاعات و تغییرات بیرونی. در این مقاله، ضمن مرور ماهیت مسئله خط مشی و نظریه های تعریف مسئله، یک گونه شناسی از مهم‌ترین نظریه های تعریف مسئله خط مشی ارائه می شود. ضمنا از قبل بررسی ادبیات، «منشور طیف نوری تعریف مسئله» را به نمایش خواهیم گذاشت که در 7 لایه، طیف فکری نظریه های تعریف مسئله را تشریح می کند: هدف، موضوع محوری، هستی شناسی، پارادایم علمی، روش، رویکرد و سطح تحلیل. پژوهش حاضر تلاش دارد پیچیدگی ها فرایند تعریف مسئله را در معرض دید مخاطبان قرار دهد و از ساده انگاری در تعریف مسائل خط مشی پرهیز دهد. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| مسئله خط‌مشی; تعریف مسئله خط‌مشی; ساختاردهی مسئله; تشخیص مسئله; منشور طیف نوری تعریف مسئله | ||
| References | ||
|
آذر، عادل؛ و خسروانی، فرزانه(1392). تحقیق در عملیات نرم؛ رویکردهای ساختاردهی مسأله. تهران: سازمان مدیریت صنعتی.
Ackoff, R. L. (1974). Redesigning the Future: A Systems Approach to Societal Problems. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
Bacchi, C. (2009). Analysing Policy: Whats the Problem Represented to be. Frenchs Forest.
Bacchi, C. (2015). The Turn to Problematization: Political Implications of Contrasting Interpretive and Poststructural Adaptations.
Bardach, E. (1981). Problems of Problem Definition in Policy Analysis. Research in Public Policy Analysis and Management. 1. 161-171.
Bardach, E. (2015). A Practical Guide for Policy Analysis: The Eightfold Path to More Effective Problem Solving. Los Angeles, Calif: Sage.
Bardwell, L. V. (1991). Problem-framing: a Perspective on Environmental Problem-Solving. Environmental Management. 15 (5). 603-612.
Baumgartner, F. R., & Jones, B. D. (2020). The Politics of Information. University of Chicago Press.
Dery, D. (1982). Evaluation and Problem Redefinition. Journal of Public Policy, 23-30.
Dery, D. (2000). Agenda Setting and Problem Definition. Policy Studies. 21 (1). 37-47.
Dillon, J. T. (1982). Problem Finding and Solving. The Journal of Creative Behavior.
Dunn, W. N. (2014). Public Policy Analysis (5th Pearson new. international Ed.). Harlow: Pearson.
Guess, G. M., & Farnham, P. G. (2011). Cases in Public Policy Analysis. Georgetown University Press.
Gusfield, J. R. (1984). The Culture of Public problems: Drinking-Driving and the Symbolic Order. University of Chicago Press.
Hanberger, A. (2001). What is the Policy Problem? Methodological Challenges in Policy Evaluation. Evaluation. 7 (1). 45-62.
Head, B. W., & Alford, J. (2014). Wicked Problems. Administration & Society. 47 (6). 711–739.
Hoover, S. M. (1990). Problem Finding/ Solving in Science: Moving Toward Theory.
Hoppe, R. (2002). Cultures of Public Policy Problems. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice. 4 (3). 305-326.
Knoepfel, P. (2007). Public Policy Analysis. Bristol: Policy Press.
Linder, S. H., & Peters, B. G. (1984). From Social Theory to Policy Design. Journal of Public Policy. 237-259.
MacRae, D. J., Whittington, D. (1997). Expert Advice for Policy Choice: Analysis and Discourse. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
Mamadouh, V. (1999). Grid-Group Cultural Theory: an Introduction. Geo Journal. 47 (3). 395-409.
Mayer, I. S., Van Daalen, C. E., & Bots, P. W. (2004). Perspectives on Policy Analyses: a Framework for Understanding and Design. International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management. 4 (2). 169-191.
McGaghie, W. C., Bordage, G., & Shea, J. A. (2001). Problem Statement, Conceptual Framework, and Research Question. Academic Medicine. 76 (9). 923–924.
Morss, R. E. (2005). Problem Definition in Atmospheric Science Public Policy: The Example of Observing-System Design for Weather Prediction. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 86 (2). 181-192.
De Neufville, J. I., & Barton, S. E. (1987). Myths and the Definition of Policy Problems. Policy Sciences. 20 (3). 181-206.
Nezu, A., & D'Zurilla, T. J. (1981). Effects of Problem Definition and Formulation on Decision Making in the Social Problem-Solving Process. Behavior Therapy. 12 (1). 100-106.
Patton, C. V., Sawicki, D. S., & Clark, J. J. (2016). Basic Methods of Policy Analysis and Planning (3rd edition). London: Routledge.
Peters, G. B. (2005). The Problem of Policy Problems. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis. 7 (4). 349-370.
Plein, L. C. (1994). Agenda Setting, Problem Defnition, and Policy Studies. Policy Studies Journal. 22 (4). 701.
Popper, K. (2013). All Life is Problem Solving. Routledge.
Raadschelders, J. C. (2011). Public Administration: The Interdisciplinary Study of Government. Oxford University Press.
Rein, M., & Schön, D. (1996). Frame-Critical Policy Analysis and Frame-Reflective Policy Practice. Knowledge and Policy. 9 (1). 85-104.
Rochefort, D. A., & Cobb, R. W. (1993). Problem Definition, Agenda Access, and Policy Choice. Policy Sudies Journal. 21 (1). 56-71.
Rochefort, D. A., & Donnelly, K. P. (2013). Agenda-Setting and Political Discourse. In E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, & X. Wu (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Public Policy (189–203). London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Rosenhead, J. (2006). Past, Present and Future of Problem Structuring Methods. Journal of the Operational Research Society. 57 (7). 759-765.
Runco, M. A. (Ed.). (1994). Problem Finding, Problem Solving, and Creativity. Greenwood Publishing Group.
Shön, D. A., & Rein, M. (1994). Frame Reflection: Toward the Resolution of Intractable Policy Controversies. Basic Books. New York.
Simon, H. A. (1995). Problem Forming, Problem Finding and Poblem Solving in Design. Design & Systems. 245-257.
Sin, G. (2016, May). The Politics of Information: Problem Definition and the Course of Public Policy in America. Baumgartner, Frank R., and Bryan D. Jones. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2015. 264 pages. 85.00(hardcover); 27.50 (softcover). In Congress & the Presidency. 43 (2). 275-277.
Skaburskis, A. (2008). The Origin of “Wicked Problems”. Planning Theory & Practice. 9 (2). 277-280.
Smith, A. (1983). The Politics of Information: Problems of Policy in Modern Media. Communications and Culture.
Stone, D. (2012). Incentives. Policy Paradox: The Art of Political Decision Making. 3rd ed. New York, NY: WW Norton & Company. 271-288.
Sylvan, D. A., & Voss, J. F. (Eds.). (1998). Problem representation in Foreign Policy Decision-Making. Cambridge University Press.
Thissen, W. A. H. (2013). Diagnosing Policy Problem Situations. In W. A. H. Thissen & W. E. Walker (Eds.), International Series in Operations Research & Management Science: Vol. 179. Public Policy Analysis. New Developments (65–101). Boston, MA: Springer US.
Thissen, W. A. H., & Walker, W. E. (2013). Public Policy Analysis: New Developments. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science: Vol. 179. Boston, MA: Springer US.
Torgerson, D. (1986). Between Knowledge and Politics: Three Faces of Policy Analysis. Policy Sciences. 19 (1). 33-59.
Veselý, A. (2007). Problem Delimitation in Public Policy Analysis. Central European Journal of Public Policy. 1 (01). 80-100.
Veselý, A. (2017). Problem Delimitation in Policy Formulation. In Handbook of Policy Formulation. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Weber, E. P., & Khademian, A. M. (2008). Wicked Problems, Knowledge Challenges, and Collaborative Capacity Builders in Network Settings. Public Administration Review. 68 (2). 334-349.
Weimer, D. L., & Vining, A. R. (2011). Policy Analysis (5th Ed.). Boston: Longman.
Weiss, J. A. (1989). The Powers of Problem Definition: The Case of Government Paperwork. Policy Sciences. 22 (2). 97-121.
Woolley, R. N., & Pidd, M. (1981). Problem Structuring—A Literature Review. Journal of the Operational Research Society. 32 (3). 197-206. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 583 PDF Download: 624 |
||